You may remember a piece WCS-UW posted a while ago about uptalk and how men and women use it differently (link here).

To further that conversation, I’d like to introduce you to a piece that NPR recently published about which types of voices and speaking styles are perceived as more competent.  In addition to uptalk, the article talks about higher registers, vocal fry, and other factors that can make a woman sound less authoritative.  You can find the full article here.

What do you guys think?  Would you try to change the sound of your voice to make colleagues take you more seriously?

You might not know uptalk by its definition, but you likely know what it is:  the rising intonation that you would put at the end of a sentence as if you were answering a question.  You probably also wouldn’t be surprised to find that men and women use uptalk very differently.

Thomas J. Linneman performed a study analyzing the use of uptalk in the game show Jeopardy! and the results are quite interesting.  You can read a summary of the study here or the full research article here.

I think the most interesting conclusion of the study is that women use uptalk more frequently as they were more successful on the show, causing them “to appear uncertain of their knowledge and apologetic for their success.”  I wonder how this relates to imposter syndrome, and if we graduate students do this more than the average person.

What do you guys think?  How do you use uptalk?

Do you remember the first woman to inspire you?  Was she the first, the best, the strongest, fastest, or smartest?  I don’t remember whether my first was Picabo Street (the first American woman to win World Cup downhill skiing season titles) or Amelia Earhart (the first woman to fly across the Atlantic), but I remember the excitement and awe produced by learning about their inner strength and tenacity.

Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace was another such inspirational woman.  Commonly known as Ada Lovelace, she was born December 10, 1815 to the Byrons:  renowned poet Lord Byron and his wife Anne Isabella Milbanke.  When Ada was barely a month old, Lord Byron separated from his wife and moved away.  Ada’s mother feared her daughter would inherit her father’s poetic romanticism and volatile temperament, which was likely the result of bipolar disorder. So, in order to root out any possibility of “insanity,” and contrary to the fashion of the time, Ada’s mother had her privately tutored in mathematics, science and logic.  It was not until the age of seventeen when Ada’s mathematical genius began to emerge, and despite the fact she never knew her father, she called herself a “poetical scientist.”

Ada is most famous for her work with the British mathematician, Charles Babbage, on his Analytical Engine.  The Engine consisted of punch cards with circular holes as data input placed into mechanical looms.  These input cards were how the Engine was programmed to do simple calculations, including trigonometric functions and logarithms, as well as more complex actions. A primitive printer was also attached as an output device, while the Engine was also capable of punching output cards for later reading.  Ada is responsible for the transcription of many of Babbage’s notes as well as the translation of Luigi Menabrea’s work on the engine from Italian to English.  Many debate whether Ada’s work was merely secretarial, but most insist it was she that understood the potential of the Analytical Engine to do more than simple calculations.  She insisted the engine could be programmed to solve problems of greater complexity than simple number-crunching.  Scholars credit her with writing the first computer program, an algorithm encoded for processing by the analytical engine of interest.

Unfortunately, before she could see the completion of the Analytical Engine, Ada died from complications due to uterine cancer at the age of thirty-six.  However, her legacy lives on.  The United States Department of Defense named a computer language created specifically for them, Ada, in her honor; and the British Computer Society has both a metal in her name and an annual competition for women students of computer science.

Today there exists an international “Ada Lovelace Day,” often celebrated in the mid-October.  The website findingada.com summarizes it nicely:  “Ada Lovelace Day is about sharing stories of women — whether engineers, scientists, technologists or mathematicians — who have inspired you to become who you are today. The aim is to create new role models for girls and women in these male-dominated fields by raising the profile of other women in STEM.”  The site encourages others to form Ada Lovelace Day parties around the world on whatever day works best to raise awareness and inspire other young women to engage and explore the STEM fields.

The motives of Women in Chemical Sciences and the University of Washington encompass the goals of Ada Lovelace Day.  I encourage you to consider participating in future Ada Lovelace Day and Ada Lovelace Day-type events, including those at UW in the coming year.  Reflect on the women—whether they be scientists, athletes, adventurers, or just friends—that inspire you to believe you can do, be, study or explore whatever you desire.  Share with others those experiences that led you to choosing a field of study in a STEM field, the adversities you faced, and how you overcame them.  And remember Ada, who in a time where women just didn’t do math and science, overcame others’ expectations and saw past a simple engine to foresee a computer.

Just for fun:

Findingada.com

Google:  “Ada Lovelace,”  “Analytical Engine”

At a recent talk for our group, Joan Bleecker was introducing our speaker, Professor Sarah Keller, and stated that she was a wonderful “template for a woman in science”.  Since that time, and throughout the fledgling stages of this group, I have been thinking a lot about what characteristics make for a good template and how I have seen them in my own life.  The answer for me was, literally, close to home.

I was very fortunate to have my mother be the first, and arguably, most profound example of a strong female in the sciences in my life.  Receiving her PhD in Engineering Mechanics from the University of Wisconsin, Madison she went on to work at Sandia National Labs in Livermore, CA where I grew up.  She worked with scientists at Stanford on something called a “holographic drilling technique for measuring residual stress,” she has three patents through research she did at Bethlehem Steel and she was president of the Society for Experimental Mechanics.  Yeah, my mom is pretty cool.

Beyond her scientific achievements, my mom also started a program, Science Understanding Promotes Environmental Responsibility (SUPER!), which combined local middle and high school teachers with educational specialists from the California Department of Education and Lawrence Hall of Science in a month long training program.  The idea behind this program was to use environmental issues to teach educators a hands-on approach to science education.  She was also active in the Expanding Your Horizons Conference, from which I still remember how to build the strongest bridge out of tinker toys (triangles!).  Did I also mention she is a painter, above average bowler and pretty much the toughest person to beat in any strategy game around?  I have, in fact, still never beaten her at Tetris.

Ok, yes my mom is super amazing…  But, the point here is not to brag about her (though I could go on and on) so much as to reconstruct some of the ways growing up she gave me positive messages about being a woman in the sciences.  One major lesson I learned from her was that you have to learn things for yourself.  Having the drive to go out into the world and ask questions is so important.  At a very young age, if I wanted to know about something on the menu at a restaurant she would encourage me to ask the waitress.  Anytime I had a question about how something worked, she would point to our encyclopedias (remember the blue World Books?!) and instruct me to look up the answer.  More importantly, there would be a follow up discussion that involved questioning what I thought about something, or what that thing really meant.  I had to convince myself of the answer, not just take it at face value.  And most importantly, communicating your ideas was of paramount importance.

Another huge lesson was about perseverance.  This one I really took to heart.  My mom told me many stories about how she became an engineer.  This was a pretty big deal considering she was one of the first women to graduate from her department at Madison and the first person in her family to attend college.  She had always wanted to study science and math but people had told her repeatedly that, “Women could not be engineers.”  She never had a female scientist as a role model telling her that, of course, those naysayers were wrong.  After trying out every other major (literally), a year abroad in Japan and a failed attempt at being a secretary she decided, “No, I still think I want to be an engineer.”  She managed to transfer from the small university in Indiana she had been attending, to Madison where she finished up her undergraduate degree (BS in Applied Math, Engineering and Physics… I said I could keep bragging) and went on to get her PhD.  She put herself through university and kept pushing the boundaries of gender stereotypes at the time.  She also told me these stories, repeatedly, to hammer home the point that I should never settle for what someone else thinks of my abilities.   One of the best lessons I have ever learned is: Don’t let anyone convince you that you are not good enough.

I, of course, was lucky enough to have a female scientist as a mom and role model growing up.  However, it can still be incredibly difficult to unwaveringly believe in your abilities all the time.  For those that were not fortunate enough to have someone that was on the sidelines, cheering them on, this can be especially difficult.  I believe this group, and others like it, are so important for fostering that conversation and mentorship both through role models and each other.  Sharing stories, both triumphs and failures, helps to strengthen the idea that we do have the ability to pursue our careers.  Listening to how others overcame adversity and made the decision that science was a passion worth pursuing is so important.  The best part about this is being able to have these stories resonate with each successive generation and figure out where we still have to go.

I end with a short anecdote about how a strong role model can have a profound influence very early on in life.   The greatest proof of this took place at my kindergarten graduation where all the children got up and said what they wanted to be when they grew up.  After a “ballerina” and “fireman” before me, I boldly stood up and announced that I wanted to be, “an engineer”!  Now, there was no way I had any clue what I was saying but I knew that was what my mom did and I wanted to be just like her.  Funny how those things don’t really change.

With that, I just want to say that I am looking forward to all the future events and outreach efforts our group has planned.  With the participation of folks in the UW community and beyond we can keep the dialogue about women in the sciences going!

Thank you for your interest and participation!

Sarah Vorpahl

President

Women in Chemical Sciences at University of Washington