Particles have intrinsic properties: mass, spin, charge. Quarks have additional instrinisc properties which determine how they combine and decay: color-charge, parity (P), isospin (Iz), strangeness, charm, bottomness, and topness. Parity is the point analog of the spread-out wave functions that describe particles -- positive for quarks and negative for antiquarks. Iso-spin is not angular momentum, but does follow the same rules of addition. Color-charge is a property that determines how quarks can be combined to form hadrons; the possible values are red, green and blue for quarks, anti-red, anti-green, and anti-blue for antiquarks, and the resulting hadron must be color-neutral, which is achieved by summing red + green + blue, anti-r + anti-g + anti-b, or a color and its anti-color. Strangeness, charm, bottomness, and topness are binary properties (on or off) that are conserved in strong and electromagnetic interactions, but not in weak ones. Similarly, Parity is conserved in both strong and electromagnetic interactions, while Isospin is conserved only in strong reactions.
Bosons are particles that are exchanged in the conveyance of a force. The more mass a boson has, the shorter the range of the force it conveys. Photons, which convery a very long-range force, are nearly massless, whereas the Z0 which conveys the electroweak force is 91.2 GeV/c^2.
"Quarks and leptons are members of a family of particles called fermions (particles with half integer spins). Both the quarks and leptons come in pairs." [5]
A hadron is a particle composed of quarks. Typical hadrons are protons (composed of two Up quarks and one Down quark) and neutrons (composed of two Down quarks and one Up quark). 3-quark hadrons are known as baryons (Greek for "heavy"), and 2-quark hadrons formed of quark-antiquark pairs are called mesons (Greek for "intermediate").
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